Impact of European Colonialism and Imperialism on African Women Essay e

Effect of European Imperialism on African Women      Ã‚  Ã‚   What effect did the European imperialism in Africa have on the women of both continents? And was this effect advantageous or injurious to the women themselves? Judging by the extremely limited amount of information available on the subject, one could conclude probably a very minimal one. However, upon further investigation, one can see that this effect, although ignored by historians, was very profound and real to the women who lived in Africa in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The majority of the information obtained is about the impact of imperialism on the women of Africa, which is to be expected in today's politically-correct society. However, this causes some difficulty in understanding the consequences of imperialism for women in Europe. Thus that topic won't be addressed here. In Africa, however, the European colonialism completely altered a lifestyle and culture, particularly the roles of women in that culture (Gross and Bingham volume II 52). There is some disagreement as to whether the effects of European imperialism over Africa were detrimental to the progress of women.    It's difficult to understand the effects that Europe had on Africa until one comprehends the state of living for the women before Europeans embarked upon their colonialism. Women were traditionally considered equals or near equals to men in many aspects of some African societies. Farming was the primary occupation of almost every African woman (Gross and Bingham volume I 70). Women were a significant part of the work force and essential to their families' survival (Gross and Bingham volume I 53). Many tribes had female chiefs, and females were given other high-ranki... ...ism." European Imperialism. Online. Internet. 27 Feb. 2000. Available. <http://www.ga.k12.pa.us/academics/US/history/euro/euroread/imp.htm>. "French in West Africa." University of Pennsylvania African Studies. Online. Internet. 27 Feb. 2000. Available. <http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/k-12/french_16178.html>. "Gender, Culture, and Class in Walter Rodney's Writings on Guyana." Saxakali-Publications. Online. Internet. 27 Feb. 2000. Available. <http://saxakali.com/saxakali-publications/moses6.htm>. Gross, Susan Hill and Marjorie Wall Bingham. Women in Africa of the Sub-Sahara, volume I: Ancient Times to the 20th Century. St. Louis Park: Glenhurst Publications, 1982. Gross, Susan Hill and Marjorie Wall Bingham. Women in Africa of the Sub-Sahara, volume II: The 20th Century. St. Louis Park: Glenhurst Publications, 1982.   

Chinese Mothers and their American Daughters in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club :: Joy Luck Club Essays

Chinese Mothers and their American Daughters in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club â€Å"â€Å"No choice! No choice!† She doesn’t know. If she doesn’t speak, she is making a choice. If she doesn?t try, she can lose her chance forever. I know this because I was raised the Chinese way: I was taught to desire nothing, to swallow other people?s misery, to eat my own bitterness. And even though I taught my daughter the opposite, still she came out the same way! Maybe it is because she was born to me and she was born a girl. And I was born to my mother and I was born a girl. All of us are like stairs, one step after another, going up and down, but all going the same way.† (Tan 241) In desperation, mother An-Mei Hsu describes her frustration over her own mother-daughter relationship in Amy Tan?s The JoyLuck Club. Four Chinese born mothers and their four American born daughters tell stories from their own point of view about their relationships with one another: mother-mother, mother-daughter, and daughter-daughter. The way these stories weave in and out of the past and present, and how these women?s lives unfolded tell much of what women are taught to think of themselves, and how it shapes their lives. How a mother hopes to give her daughter strength, respect for herself, and a bond between mother and daughter, as told by the mothers, is reflected back by how each daughter processes what she perceives her mothers? lessons to be. All of the mothers came to America to escape the horrors of war. They hoped for the prosperity and ease that living in the United States would afford them. With them they brought the sacred teachings of Taoism and Confucianism. Peter Tavernise defines these ancient traditions in "Fasting of the Heart: Mother-Tradition and Sacred Systems in Amy Tan?s The Joy Luck Club." Jing-mei describes her limited understanding of these concepts as, ?The elements were from my mother?s own version of organic chemistry.? (Tan 19) Tavernise states, ?Just as in the Confucian ritual system, very little of the mother-tradition in the text is told explicitly from mother to daughter: ritual actions are supposed to be observed, absorbed, read, and understood in order to be transformed, preserved and handed down in turn.

Icarus in Prose, Poetry and Visual Art Essay

What does it take for one to achieve freedom? As a father, what sacrifices can you give to let your son live the life of a freeman? For an artist and creator, Daedalus, the best of his ability and skills are his weapons in order to give himself and his son, Icarus, the taste of freedom. His sacrifice has been none other than his son. For centuries and millenia, the story of Icarus and Daedalus has awed the whole world, and has been told and retold by different writers and poets and illustrated and put to life by various artists on stage and on canvas. This famed story is all about an inventor and his son’s attempted escape from a Labyrinth whom he himself has designed. Daedalus, is a talented, remarkable craftsman, who was conscripted by King Minos of Crete to design a Labyrinth to confine a Minotaur, a half-human half-bull creature who is the son of  Ã‚   Pasiphae, Minos’ wife. To feed it, the palace will have to receive human sacrifices and thrown to the Labyrinth. In the course of the story, a hero, Theseus, came to the place with the objective to kill the beast, putting a stoppage to the brutal sacrifice. The daughter of the king, Adriane, fell in love with him and with the help of Daedalus, was able to give him the tip of the thread as a means to escape the Labyrinth. In some renditions of the story, it was said that Theseus and Adriane eloped and thus, catching Daedalus in the ire of the king. For this, Daedalus and Icarus, his son, were imprisoned in the Labyrinth in place of the Minotaur. Otherwise, there were versions indicating that the imprisonment   was only in the light that King Minos wanted to keep the secrecy of the Labyrinth structure. In any case, Daedalus’ imprisonment has always been part of the story, alongside their escape feat. Since the king of Crete had jurisdiction over sea and land, Daedalus found it best to travel through the skies. He crafted two pairs of wings out of feathers, strings, and wax for both himself and his son, of course, to be able to fly. Icarus has been given reminders by his father by saying, â€Å"Icarus, my son, I charge you to keep at a moderate height, for if you fly too low the damp will clog your wings, and if too high the heat will melt them. Keep near me and you will be safe.† This reminder has been put to wste though, as our young hero has been overcome by giddiness and excitement, and his curiosity to see what lies beyond the clouds lead him to soar higher. It was to late for him to try to go back to the previous altitude for afterwards, he saw that his wings melted and he rocketed down to the ocean. What went back to Daedalus then was the dead body of his son. As a tribute to his son, he named the place as Icaria. In some versions that could be found in the web, it was said that Heracles passed by to give him a burial. The most enduring elements that the story that existed in all versions of the story of Icarus were the presence of the wings’ exact resemblance to that of a bird’s, the construction of the Labyrinth, the Minotaur, Daedalus and Icarus imprisonment, and their escape. Also, the standard plot then begins with Daedalus being chosen as the one who would design the labyrinth to constrict the Minotaur, being imprisoned with his son, escaping from prison and seeing his son die. These elements have been retained in the story probably because of their impact to the story. The story contain various themes, such as the sweetness of freedom, human ingenuity and ambition, the real essence of freedom, vanity of the human race. The whole story is a puzzle, just like the Labyrinth that Daedalus made. One would not help asking what is the purpose of having Icarus’ death in the story? Why does it seem that Icarus was only made to be able to fly in order to die? Is Icarus’ death supposed to teach us that we should not violate the rules of nature? I have read this story when I was a kid, and the only character left to be remembered was Icarus, and the feat before his death. Reading it once again brought my mind’s focus again to the father: his love for the son, his craftmanship and his grief at the death of his son. The story has taught us so much about the different sides of human nature, and our tendency to go in between. King Minos has been much filled with cruelty, and Daedalus on the other hand proved to be the softest and the most tender of all. It was the cruelty of Minos to offer humans as food for a Minotaur, on one side, and Daedalus’ compassion to give Adriane the clue to the Labyrinth to help Theseus escape and his love as a fathe r on the other. To add to this theme tableau, we can thus witness the suffering that the oppressed people experienced. Such are the incarceration of people who only chose to be at the right side, the endless sacrifice of people of all ages by being fed to the Minotaur. The thirst for freedom, in itself, is a means to depict suffering. Icarus’ death on the other hand, makes clear to us that not all things end up happily. We cannot escape sufferings that our life can give us. Freedom is never absolute, it pays its price. The story meant well.

Conclusion and recommendation Essay

Based on the results of the focus group discussion and the interview, Web 2. 0 applications being utilized for educational purposes are seen to have a very good potential in being integrated into educational processes for teaching and learning. Reflective of the first objective, it has been seen that there is a positive outlook with regards to Web 2. 0 applications from students and how the communicate. In addition, it is seen that educational processes would from time to time inculcate particular. Web 2. 0 applications and replacing conventional educational tools with newer and more technologically adept Web 2.0 applications in order for educators to be more effective in communicating with students. With respect to the sixth objective of this study, educators are keen to note that Web 2. 0 applications have the potential for being used as a tool for educational purposes. Educators on one hand furthered this conclusion because of their openness to the concept of including Web 2. 0 applications in their curriculum, utilizing its capabilities in effectively transferring knowledge to their students and more importantly communicating with them. In answering objectives two and three, educators themselves indicated that they are able to already utilize Web 2. 0 applications for providing administrative information to their students and they have indicated that Web 2. 0 applications being used as educational tools already exists and is being utilized by other educators. They are able to go with the flow of innovation as students are getting more and more adept with the use of such internet tools that they are able to identify with this and use this to the teacher’s advantage. The educators have identified that Web 2. 0 applications such as Blogs, Wikis, and other social networking tools have the potential to be used as teaching tools. Being able to use such a tool would not only make their teaching efforts easier but more importantly more effective in bringing information to their students. Coming from the aim of the study particularly to identify how Web 2. 0 technologies can be applied to Higher education, it is apparent that due to the inputs coming from both the student body and educators and because of extant literature there is an apparent improvement in the use of Information Technology in higher education. With the current use of Web 2. 0 technologies such as that of Flickr, Wikis and Myspace by both students and educators in communicating and teaching learning, Web 2. 0 technologies in the future will most certainly be integrated into higher education. This is due to the cultural changes that are observed within educators and students as how they perceive Web 2. 0 technologies and their effect on higher education. This is already evident as students currently utilize such Web 2. 0 applications in communicating with their peers for educational purposes. The next phase would be to utilize such tools more effectively and efficiently by the educators themselves in communicating with their students. On the other hand, because of such an increase in utilization, it would be constructive for this area of educational research if there are additional in-depth studies pertaining to Web 2. 0 technologies and how they affect higher education. In order to further explain and expound on this body of knowledge, it is recommended that a considerable number of focus groups be added into the study. This would yield a more accurate and diverse collation of answers. This would then be used in acquiring more information and validating the results of this study. In addition to the methodology, there should be an inclusion of several interviews to be conducted on other areas particularly other educational classes and universities so as to identify the relationship of geography with Web learning. In addition to this, it would be useful to identify if there is a relationship between racial background and web learning, is there a trait that controls the preferences of various races utilize web 2. 0 applications and if there is a relationship with race. Lastly, In addition to what was mentioned above, it would prove crucial if there is further study with regards to other countries and how they are able to utilize Web 2. 0 applications in their pursuit for better education. This would be able to provide the research with a better comparison particular to the effects of countries with respect to Web 2. 0 applications and Web learning.

International Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Business Management - Essay Example There is a process for it which is termed as New Product development, which means it is the process that helps an organization to develop new products and services. There are two parallel paths involved in the process: One involves the idea generation, product design and detail structures, the second step focuses on market research and market analysis. Price Pricing is a very complicated issue and has far reaching effects on a company’s prospects in a market. There are different pricing benchmarks for different markets. So it is not a straight forward task to price a product. Company has to survey the market and analyze what prices other competitors are offering. Cost of Raw Material and Cost of transportation are taken into account for setting the price. If a company sets very low price in relation to their competitors, then there is a threat of being perceived as a bad quality. Willingness to purchase a product is directly related with the price. If the price is affordable, customer would instantly buy the product. Placement Placement of the product assumes wider magnitude when we talk about international marketing. If customers come to buy a product, and it is not available instantly than customers would get interested in competitors. For timely availability of the product, it is very necessary to make use of warehouses and other storing places. It is essential to make placement decisions in line with the product’s position in the market. Company need to decide whether our product will be perceived as a high end product or a low end product. Promotion Promotion is a multi-component phenomenon, which operates as a interacting channel with other elements of the marketing mix, aiming to achieve the communication process caused between what companies offer goods or services or ideas working to satisfy the needs and desires of consumers from individuals or institutions according to their potential. There are number of international promotional tools such as advertisement, sponsorships, price promotions and etc, but every firm prefers to use push and pull strategy. Pull is the relationship of the goods or pieces of information that moves the product from producer to the customers, while the "push" is to bring the goods to their customers "pool". Sometimes it become difficult to draft a promotional strategy for a brand because of its USP, then brand decisions are taken. Brand decisions are the art of creating and maintaining a brand. Branding makes customers committed to a business and provides them sense of loyalty. Question 1 (b) Company Global Hyatt Corporation is a US based organization that operates the business of hotels and motels. There are two hotel companies with the name of Hyatt Hotels Corporation and Hyatt International from which Global Hyatt Corporation operates all their businesses. Hyatt hotels leases, franchises and operates a number of hotels and resorts. Besides hotels, Global Hyatt Corporation also runs the business of casinos. The servicing mix of Global Hyatt Corporation is extended by three points: the processes, the individuals and the physical evidence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Processes A process is a set of actions which connects all the operations of a business to each other with an aim to achieve a specific result. Usually, Process includes value creating strategies for internal or external customers, segmentation,

History-wk 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History-wk 6 - Essay Example In other words, like a computer, the individual assumes "garbage in, garbage out" (DeMar, 1989, p. 1). The final assumption is that Behaviorism is manipulative in that it seeks to control and predict human behavior instead of understanding it (DeMar, 1989). Skinner felt that behavior could be shaped through controlling a system of rewards and punishments. Done correctly, an individual could control patients, professors could control students, and an individual could control entire nations (DeMar, 1989). He believed that this would lead to the ability to shape behavior in any way that was necessary. Skinner did not seem to care what others thought about his work because he was confident about his experiments and his writing. He made "confident assertions" about "economic, social, political and religious issues (Reeve, 2009, p. 343). He made many people angry but they still used his methods to dispute his claims. As an example, the Brelands experiments found the concept of "instinctive drift" (Reeve, p. 342). Their experiments included pigs and other animals that were able to use their instincts instead of reinforced behaviors whether they used food to reinforce behavior or they used other types of reinforcement. Skinner contributed many things to psychology. Between the 1950s and 1980s he shaped American Psychology more directly than other psychologists. He received several prestigious medals and recognitions for his work because he was most interested in improving human lives and society as a whole. His only regret was that people did not adopt his methods as easily or quickly as he thought they would do. Malone (2003) gives many ways in which Skinners work influenced contemporary psychology. One influence was that behavior is a choice rather than conditioned. In order to understand consequences or behaviors, researchers (and others) had to take into consideration what the behavior was

Israel Society and History Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Israel Society and History - Term Paper Example . . ." With reference to this specific statement, in 1950 the notable Law of Return was made by Israel government (http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Immigration/Text_of_Law_of_Return.html). The law approved an automated right to every single Jew to immigrate to Israel and turn out to be a citizen of an ideological state. After the vogue of Law of Return, the gateways popped up extensively and Israel observed an influx of refugees from all over the world. Though these particular immigrants of the earliest period substantially distorted the demographic situation of Israeli civil society as well as the harmony amongst the Jewish Diaspora and the Israeli Jews, however, the main focus of this paper is on the immigration of Mizrahi Jews during 1948 to 1967 with reference to their absorption, integration, and divergence in the Israel’s civil society. 1. ... About 50% strength of Israel consists of Mizrahi Jews (Villa, 2009). As soon as the 1948 Arab-Israeli War got over and Israel officially declared its independence and sovereignty, virtually a large number of Mizrahi Jews were exiled by Arab states. Even they were granted the choice to depart their homeland and immigrate to Israel. It is widely considered that somewhere around 50 % of Israeli Jews belong to Mizrahim. During 1950s and 1960s, most of Mizrahi Jews immigrated to Israel either due to their ideological affiliations with Zionism or in response to Anti-Jewish activities of Arab world against the Jews. About 25,000 Mizrahi Jews came to Israel just because of Suez Canal crisis of 1956. Beside Israel, the Mizrahi Jews especially Moroccan and Algerian Jews also immigrated to France and turned into refugees. Similarly a huge number of Egyptian, Lebanese, and Syrian Jews immigrated to Brazil and United States of America. Without traumatic events, safe heaven in Israel was out of qu estion. Ella Sohat, a great Mizrahi scholar writes, "in a generation or two, millennia of rooted oriental civilization, unified even in its diversity† (Shohat, 1988:32). After the safe landing of Mizrahi Jews in Israel, the damage of burst, right from their particular locations of origin, was too much complicated from the challenges within the disruption period. These refugees and immigrants were kept in tent cities which were located under developing town. The tent cities were known as Ma'abarot where all tents were in rudimentary. In a critical review, it seems that Moshavism was comparatively a successful absorption plan of Israeli Government as traditionally the Mizrahi Jews were associated with trade and a niche as craftsmen.